Na Julaị 11, e mere nzukọ mgbanwe Sino US maka mmanụ ụgbọ njem dị ọcha na mgbochi ikuku ikuku na Beijing. Na nzukọ ahụ, ndị ọkachamara dị mkpa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ biofuel US na ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi China kesara ahụmịhe ha na isiokwu ndị dị ka mgbochi na njikwa mmetọ ikuku, yana ahụmịhe nkwalite mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol US.
Chai Fahe, onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke Academy Academy of Environment Sciences nke China, kwuru na n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ebe na China na-aga n'ihu na mmetọ ikuku. Na mpaghara, Beijing Tianjin Hebei mpaghara ka bụ mpaghara nwere mmetọ ikuku kacha njọ.
Liu Yongchun, onye otu onye nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị China, kwuru na n'usoro nyocha ihe na-ebute mmetọ ikuku na China, a chọpụtara na ihe ngosipụta nke mmetọ n'otu n'otu dị mfe iru ọkọlọtọ. mana ihe nrịbama nke obere ihe siri ike ịchịkwa. Ihe kpatara ya dị mgbagwoju anya, na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị e mere site na mgbanwe nke abụọ nke mmetọ dị iche iche na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta haze.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ikuku ụgbọ ala aghọọla isi iyi dị mkpa nke mmetọ ikuku mpaghara, gụnyere carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons na nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) na gas ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ. Mgbapụta nke mmetọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mma mmanụ ụgbọala.
N'afọ ndị 1950, ihe omume "photochemical smog" na Los Angeles na ebe ndị ọzọ na United States butere ozugbo na mgbasa ozi nke United States Federal Clean Air Act. N'otu oge ahụ, United States tụrụ aro ịkwalite mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol. Iwu nke ikuku dị ọcha ghọrọ omume mbụ iji kwalite mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol na United States, na-enye ntọala iwu maka mmepe ethanol biofuel. N'afọ 1979, United States guzobere "Ethanol Development Plan" nke gọọmentị etiti, wee malite ịkwalite iji mmanụ ọkụ nwere 10% ethanol.
Biofuel ethanol bụ ọmarịcha ọnụọgụ octane na-adịghị egbu egbu yana oxygenator agbakwunyere na mmanụ ụgbọala. E jiri ya tụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala nkịtị, mmanụ ụgbọala E10 ethanol (mmanụ mmanụ nwere 10% biofuel ethanol) nwere ike ibelata PM2.5 karịa 40% n'ozuzu ya. Nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba ahụ mere na mpaghara ebe a na-akwalite mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol na-egosi na mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol nwere ike ibelata mpụta nke carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ n'ime ikuku ụgbọala.
Akuko nyocha "Mmetụta nke Ethanol Gasoline na Air Quality" ewepụtara na National Ethanol Annual Conference nke ise gosikwara na ethanol nwere ike ibelata PM2.5 bụ isi na nkwụsị ụgbọala. Ịgbakwunye ethanol mmanụ ụgbọala 10% na mmanụ ụgbọala nkịtị nke ụgbọ ala nkịtị nwere ike ibelata ihe ndị na-esi na ya pụta site na 36%, ebe maka ụgbọ ala dị elu, ọ nwere ike ibelata ihe ọkụkụ ahụ site na 64.6%. Ngwakọta organic na PM2.5 nke abụọ na-emetụta kpọmkwem ọdịnaya aromatics na mmanụ ụgbọala. Iji ethanol dochie ụfọdụ aromatics na mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike ibelata ikuku nke PM2.5 nke abụọ.
Na mgbakwunye, mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol nwekwara ike ibelata mmetọ mmetọ ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka nkwụnye ego n'ime ụlọ combustion nke injin ụgbọ ala na benzene, ma melite arụmọrụ nke ndị na-atụgharị catalytic ụgbọala.
Maka biofuel ethanol, ụwa dị n'èzí na-echegbukwa onwe ya na iji ya buru ibu nwere ike inwe mmetụta na ọnụ ahịa nri. Otú ọ dị, James Miller, onye bụbu osote odeakwụkwọ nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ike nke United States na onyeisi oche nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndụmọdụ Agricultural and Biofuel Policy Advisory, bụ onye gara nzukọ ahụ, kwuru na Ụlọ akụ Ụwa edewokwa akwụkwọ n'afọ ole na ole gara aga. Ha kwuru na ọnụ ahịa mmanụ na-emetụta ọnụ ahịa nri, ọ bụghị mmanụ mmanụ. Ya mere, iji bioethanol agaghị emetụta ọnụahịa ngwaahịa nri.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol a na-eji na China bụ mmanụ ụgbọala nkịtị 90% na ethanol mmanụ 10. China anọwo na-akwalite ethanol mmanụ ihe karịrị afọ iri kemgbe 2002. N'ime oge a, China akwadola ụlọ ọrụ ethanol asaa iji mepụta ethanol mmanụ, ma mee nkwalite nkwalite ọrụ pilot na mpaghara 11, gụnyere Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui na Shandong. Dị ka nke 2016, China emepụtala ihe dị ka nde tọn 21.7 mmanụ ọkụ ethanol na 25.51 nde tọn nke carbon dioxide kwekọrọ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọ ala ndị dị na Beijing Tianjin Hebei na gburugburu ya dị ihe dị ka nde 60, mana mpaghara Beijing Tianjin Hebei etinyeghị ya na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ elu ethanol mmanụ.
Wu Ye, onye osote onye isi oche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi nke Mahadum Tsinghua, kwuru na n'ikwu eziokwu, iji mmanụ mmanụ ethanol na usoro ezi uche dị na ya emeghị ka mmụba dị ukwuu na oriri mmanụ na oriri ume; Maka usoro mmanụ ụgbọala dị iche iche, ihe ndị na-emetọ ikuku dị iche iche, na-abawanye ma na-ebelata. Nkwalite mmanụ mmanụ ethanol ezi uche dị na mpaghara Tianjin Hebei nwere mmetụta dị mma na ibelata PM2.5. Mmanụ mmanụ Ethanol ka nwere ike izute ọkọlọtọ 6 nke mba maka ụdị ụgbọ ala njikwa arụmọrụ dị elu.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 26-2022