Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ethanol mmanụ ụgbọ ala zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere mmepụta ihe karịrị nde tọn 70 kwa afọ, yana enwere ọtụtụ mba na mpaghara iji mejuputa ethanol bio-fuel. Mpụta kwa afọ nke biofuels nke biofuels na United States na Brazil eruola nde tọn 44.22 na nde tọn 2.118, n'ogo n'etiti abụọ kachasị elu n'ụwa, na-aza ihe karịrị 80% nke mkpokọta ụwa. Ụlọ ọrụ ethanol bio-fuel bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa amụma. United States na Brazil emechaala malite n'okporo ụzọ gbadoro anya n'ahịa site na nkwado gbasara mmefu ego na ụtụ isi yana mmanye iwu siri ike, na-etolite ahụmịhe mmepe dị elu.
Ahụmahụ America
Ụzọ America bụ ịzụlite biofuel ethanol iji mee ka iwu na ndị mmanye iwu siri ike, na nhazi ọkwa kachasị elu jikọtara ya na usoro mmejuputa iwu niile.
1. Iwu. N'afọ 1978, United States kwalitere "Emergy Tax Rate Act" iji belata ụtụ isi ego nke onwe onye maka ndị ọrụ biofurate ethanol ma mepee ahịa ngwa. N'afọ 1980, nbipụta nke ụgwọ ahụ nyere nnukwu tarifu na ethanol ebubata na Brazil iji chebe obodo ahụ. N'afọ 2004, United States malitere inye ndị na-ere mmanụ ethanol biofuel ozugbo, $ 151 kwa ton kwa ton. Ndozi na-eme ka bio-fuel ethanol pụta na-agbawa agbawa. United States ugbu a chọrọ ka mmanụ ụgbọala niile gwakọta ma ọ dịkarịa ala 10% nke biofuel ethanol.
2. Ndị mmanye iwu siri ike. Ngalaba gọọmentị dị ka ngalaba na-ahụ maka ikuku ikuku, ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, na ụlọ ọrụ ụtụ isi na-emejuputa iwu na ụkpụrụ na atumatu dị mkpa nke ọma, yana njikwa na njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na ndị aka ya gụnyere ndị nrụpụta, ọdụ mmanụ, ndị na-akụ ọka. Iji kwalite mmejuputa iwu na ụkpụrụ na atumatu nke ọma, United States ewepụtala “Renewable Energy Standards” (RFS). Na mgbakwunye na ole biofuels ga-eji na United States kwa afọ, na gburugburu ebe obibi Agency na-ejikwa "renewable energy sequence number system" (RIN) na ọkọlọtọ iji hụ na biofuel ethanol na-agbakwunyere n'ezie na mmanụ ụgbọala.
3. Mepụta cellulose mmanụ ethanol. Na-akpali site ina, iji hụ na ọkọnọ, na-adịbeghị anya, na United States emebewo atumatu ịzụlite cellulose mmanụ ụgbọala ethanol.Bush na-atụ aro inye $ 2 ijeri ego nkwado ego gọọmentị maka cellulose mmanụ ethanol n'oge oge ọrụ ya. Na 2007, Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States kwupụtara na ọ ga-enye $ 1.6 ijeri nkwado ego maka ethanol mmanụ mmanụ cellulose.
Ọ na-adabere kpọmkwem na iwu na ụkpụrụ ndị a na usoro mmejuputa iwu nke ụwa kachasị elu n'ụwa, mmepụta ngwaahịa kachasị elu, mmepụta ngwaahịa kachasị mma, mmepe kachasị mma, ma mesịa malite n'ụzọ nke mmepe nke ahịa.
Ahụmahụ Brazil
Brazil ewepụtala ụlọ ọrụ ethanol biofuel site na ụkpụrụ dabere n'ahịa nke “Atụmatụ mmanya na-aba n'anya mba” gara aga na ụkpụrụ dabere n'ahịa.
1. "Atụmatụ Mmanya Mba". Ndị kọmitii Sugar na ethanol nke Brazil na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala Brazil na-eduzi atụmatụ a, gụnyere atumatu dị iche iche dị ka ụzọ ọnụahịa, atụmatụ mkpokọta, mbelata ụtụ isi, enyemaka gọọmentị, na ụkpụrụ ruru iji duzie ntinye aka siri ike na njikwa ethanol mmanụ ọkụ. ụlọ ọrụ. Mmezu nke atụmatụ a kwalitere nguzobe ntọala nke mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ethanol biofuel.
2. Iwu na-apụ apụ. Ebe ọ bụ na narị afọ ọhụrụ, Brazil ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ belata mgbalị amụma, nkwụsị ọnụahịa dị jụụ, ma na-ere ahịa ahịa. N'otu oge ahụ, gọọmentị Brazil na-akwalite ụgbọ ala mmanụ ụgbọala na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọnụ ego mmanụ ụgbọala na ọnụ ahịa ethanol biofuel, si otú ahụ kwalite ojiji nke bio-fuel ethanol.
Njirimara mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ethanol mmanụ ọkụ Brazil abụrụla nke dabere na ahịa.
Oge nzipu: Feb-23-2023