Usoro mmepụta hydrogen peroxide
Usoro mmepụta hydrogen peroxide
Usoro kemịkalụ nke hydrogen peroxide bụ H2O2, nke a na-akpọkarị hydrogen peroxide. Ọdịdị bụ mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba na-enweghị agba, ọ bụ oxidant siri ike, ngwọta mmiri ya dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ ọnya ahụike na disinfection gburugburu ebe obibi na nri disinfection. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ọ ga-agbaze n'ime mmiri na oxygen, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ire ere na-adị ngwa ngwa, na ngwa ngwa nke mmeghachi omume na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu site n'ịgbakwụnye ihe na-akpata - manganese dioxide ma ọ bụ radieshon dị mkpụmkpụ.
Njirimara anụ ahụ
Ihe ngwọta nke mmiri bụ mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba, na-agbaze na mmiri, mmanya, ether, na nke na-adịghị edozi na benzene na ether petroleum.
Hydrogen peroxide dị ọcha bụ mmiri mmiri viscous na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-agbaze nke -0.43 Celsius C na ebe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke 150.2 Celsius C. Mmiri hydrogen peroxide dị ọcha ga-agbanwe nhazi ihe omimi ya, ya mere ebe mgbaze ga-agbanwekwa. Njupụta siri ike na ebe oyi na-atụ bụ 1.71 g /, njupụta ahụ na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye. Ọ nwere ogo njikọ dị ukwuu karịa H2O, ya mere dielectric mgbe niile na ebe esi mmiri dị elu karịa mmiri. Dị ọcha hydrogen peroxide dịtụ kwụsiri ike, na ọ na-ike decomrated n'ime mmiri na oxygen mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ruo 153 Celsius C. Ọ kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ dịghị intermolecular hydrogen bond na hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide nwere mmetụta oxidation siri ike na ihe ndị dị ndụ ma na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka onye na-eme ihe na-ekpo ọkụ.
Njirimara kemịkalụ
1. Oxidative
(Lead white na eserese mmanụ [basic lead carbonate] ga-emeghachi omume na hydrogen sulfide na ikuku iji mepụta sulfide ojii, nke enwere ike ịsacha ya na hydrogen peroxide)
(chọrọ ọkara alkaline)
2. Na-ebelata
3. Na 10 ml nke 10% ngwọta ihe atụ, tinye 5 ml nke ngwọta sulfuric acid dilute (TS-241) na 1 ml nke ngwọta ngwọta nke potassium permanganate (TS-193).
E kwesịrị inwe egosipụta na agba nke potassium permanganate na-apụ n'anya. Ọ bụ acidic na litmus. N'ihe gbasara organic, ọ na-agbawa agbawa.
4. Were 1 g nke ihe nlele (nke ziri ezi na 0.1 mg) ma gbanye 250.0 ml na mmiri. A na-ewere 25 ml nke ngwọta a, na 10 ml nke ngwọta sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) gbakwunyere, na-esote titration na 0.1 mol/L potassium permanganate. 0.1 mol / l kwa ml. Potassium permanganate kwekọrọ na 1.70 mg nke hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. N'ihe banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ, okpomọkụ, ntọhapụ nke oxygen na mmiri, ọ bụrụ na chromic acid, potassium permanganate, ígwè ntụ ntụ meghachiri omume ike. Iji gbochie ire ere, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ọnụọgụ ihe nkwụsi ike dị ka sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ya.
6. Hydrogen peroxide bụ acid na-adịghị ike: H2O2 = (mgbanwe) = H ++ HO2- (Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). Ya mere, peroxide nke ígwè nwere ike weere dị ka nnu ya.
Ebumnuche bụ isi
A na-ekewa ojiji nke hydrogen peroxide na ọgwụ, agha na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọgwụgwọ kwa ụbọchị bụ hydrogen peroxide ọgwụ. Hydrogen peroxide ahụike nwere ike igbu nje bacteria pathogenic intestinal, pyogenic cocci, na yist pathogenic, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ikpochapụ ihe. Hydrogen peroxide nwere mmetụta oxidation, mana ntinye nke hydrogen peroxide ahụike hà nhata ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa 3%. Mgbe a na-ehichapụ ya n'elu ọnyá ahụ, ọ ga-ere ọkụ, elu ga-abụ oxidized na-acha ọcha na afụ, a pụkwara ịsacha ya na mmiri. Mgbe nkeji 3-5 gachara Weghachite ụda akpụkpọ mbụ.
A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa maka imepụta sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide, wdg, ihe ndị na-eme oxidizing dị ka tartaric acid na vitamin. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ eme ihe dị ka bactericide, disinfectant, na oxidant maka mmepụta nke thiram na 40 lita nke ndị na-ahụ maka nje bacteria. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ na-ebi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha maka akwa owu yana ihe eji agba agba maka ịcha akwa. Mwepụ nke ígwè na ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ mgbe ejiri ya na-emepụta nnu ígwè ma ọ bụ ogige ndị ọzọ. A na-ejikwa baths electroplating na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na imeziwanye àgwà nke akụkụ ahụ. A na-ejikwa ya maka ịcha ajị anụ, silk raw, ọdụdụ, pulp, abụba, wdg. Enwere ike iji nnukwu mkpokọta hydrogen peroxide mee ihe dị ka mmanụ ọkụ rọketi.
Ihe eji eme obodo: iji mesoo isi nke ọwa mmiri kichin, gaa na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ ịzụta hydrogen peroxide gbakwunyere mmiri gbakwunyere ntụ ntụ n'ime ọwa mmiri nwere ike mebie, mebie, mebie;
3% hydrogen peroxide (ọkwa ahụike) maka mkpochapụ ọnya.
Iwu ụlọ ọrụ
Usoro mmepụta nke alkaline hydrogen peroxide: electrode ikuku nwere krypton maka imepụta alkaline hydrogen peroxide, nke e ji mara na ụzọ ọ bụla nke electrodes mejupụtara efere anode, ntupu plastik, akpụkpọ anụ cation na cathode ikuku nwere helium, na elu. na nsọtụ ala nke ebe electrode na-arụ ọrụ. Enwere ụlọ nkesa maka ịbanye n'ime mmiri ahụ na ebe a na-anakọta maka ịgbasa mmiri ahụ, a na-ahazi orifice na ntinye mmiri mmiri, na electrode nke multi-component electrode na-anabata usoro njikọ dipole nwere oke iji gbatịa nro plastik nke anode na-ekesa. alkali mmiri ntinye na ntinye. Mgbe ejikọta tube na mmiri mmiri na-anakọta manifold, a na-ejikọta multi-component electrode otu site na efere unit.
Usoro neutralization nke phosphoric acid: a na-egosipụta ya na a kwadebere ya site na ngwọta sodium peroxide nke mmiri mmiri site na usoro ndị a:
(1) A na-ewepụ ihe ngwọta mmiri nke sodium peroxide na pH nke 9.0 ruo 9.7 na phosphoric acid ma ọ bụ sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 iji mepụta ngwọta mmiri nke Na2HPO4 na H2O2.
(2) Ngwọta mmiri nke Na2HPO4 na H2O2 dị jụụ ka ọ bụrụ +5 ruo -5 Celsius nke mere na ọtụtụ n'ime Na2HPO4 na-ebuli dị ka Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
(3) Ngwakọta nwere Na2HPO4 • 10H 2 O hydrate na mmiri hydrogen peroxide ngwọta kewapụrụ na centrifugal separator iji kewaa Na 2HPO 4 • 10H 2 O kristal site na obere ego nke Na 2 HPO 4 na mmiri hydrogen peroxide ngwọta.
(4) A na-ekpochapụ ihe ngwọta mmiri nke nwere obere Na2HPO4 na hydrogen peroxide n'ime onye na-ekpo ọkụ iji nweta vepo nke nwere H2O2 na H2O, na ngwọta nnu nke Na2HPO4 nwere hydrogen peroxide na-esi na ala pụta ma laghachi na tankị neutralization. .
(5) A na-edobe uzuoku nke nwere H2O2 na H2O na nhụsianya nke ntakiri n'okpuru nrụgide belatara iji nweta ihe dịka 30% H2O2 ngwaahịa.
Electrolytic sulfuric acid usoro: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid iji nweta peroxodisulfuric acid, wee hydrolyzed iji nweta a ịta nke 95% hydrogen peroxide.
2-Ethyl oxime usoro: Isi usoro nke mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ bụ usoro 2-ethyl oxime (EAQ). 2-ethyl hydrazine na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.
Ike ahụ na-emeghachi omume na hydrogen n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 2-ethylhydroquinone, na 2-ethylhydroquinone na-emepụta oxygen na oxygen na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide.
Mmeghachi omume mbelata, 2-ethylhydroquinone na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ 2-ethyl hydrazine na hydrogen peroxide ka etolite. Mgbe mmịpụta gasịrị, a na-enweta ihe ngwọta mmiri hydrogen peroxide, ma n'ikpeazụ sachaa site na nnukwu aromatic hydrocarbon iji nweta ngwọta hydrogen peroxide ruru eru, nke a na-akpọkarị hydrogen peroxide. Ọtụtụ n'ime usoro a na-eji kwadebe 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, na elu ịta aqueous hydrogen peroxide ngwọta (dị ka 35%, 50% hydrogen peroxide) nwere ike nweta site distillation.
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